Section 432 of the Companies Act and rule 45 of the NCLT Rules let a company secretary or in-house representative appear before the NCLT. The rules and the limits.

When a trademark suit on the Original Side of the Bombay High Court needs leave under Clause XII of the Letters Patent, how Section 134(2) of the Trade Marks Act adds a forum, the Sanjay Dalia limit on forum shopping, and joining passing off under Clause XIV.

Bail is the provisional release of an accused person from custody, on giving a security that they will appear before the court when required. It is a fundamental concept in criminal procedure: the pre

Indian courts reviewing a government tender decision ask only whether the process was arbitrary, discriminatory, or tainted by mala fides under Article 14 of the Constitution of India; they do not sit in appeal over the commercial wisdom of the decision. This limited standard, consolidated by the Supreme Court of India in Michigan Rubber (India) Ltd. v. State of Karnataka [(2012) 8 SCC 216], applies at every stage of a tender, from drafting conditions through the final award,

Most people who want to report a crime to the police in India are familiar with the concept of an FIR. Fewer are aware that there is a separate legal route: a complaint filed directly before a magistr

Bidders in India avoid most preventable tender litigation by correctly classifying which conditions in a tender notice are essential rather than merely collateral, and complying strictly with the essential ones. The Supreme Court of India settled this distinction in Poddar Steel Corporation v. Ganesh Engineering Works (1991) 3 SCC 273, holding that essential eligibility conditions generally require strict compliance while collateral requirements may be waived at the tendering

How the FSS Act's improvement notice and emergency suspension powers apply to Mumbai's FDA crackdown, and the remedies available to suspended food businesses.

A consent order is a court order that records the terms of a settlement agreed between parties to a dispute, with the court's approval. It is one of the most effective ways to end litigation. It has t

Cross-examination is the examination of a witness by the party who did not call that witness. It is one of the most powerful tools in a lawyer's courtroom arsenal and one of the most stressful experie

Performance bank guarantees are everywhere in government contracting. Sign a project contract with NHAI, a state PWD, a defence ministry, or virtually any public sector entity, and you will almost cer

Learn how court fees are calculated under the Bombay Court Fees Act 1959. Use our free Bombay Court Fee Calculator to instantly compute ad valorem and fixed court fees for any civil court in Mumbai or Maharashtra.

Your consignment arrives at JNPT or Mumbai port. Customs does not release it. The first communication is vague: held for examination. Days pass. Then a notice arrives citing possible misdeclaration of

Unpaid invoices and unrecovered commercial dues are among the most common problems Indian businesses face. Here is a step-by-step guide to using India's commercial courts machinery, from choosing the right forum to executing a decree.

The Bombay High Court held on February 23, 2026 that a suit for partition of properties situated partly within and partly outside its territorial jurisdiction is a suit for land, and that prior leave under Clause XII of the Letters Patent must be obtained before such a suit is instituted, failing which the plaint is liable to rejection under Order VII Rule 11 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. Justice Firdosh P. Pooniwalla held that this leave is a condition precedent that